in African culture. Shuku is a Yoruba hairstyle that involves braiding the hair all to the middle of one’s head to form a volcano. In fact, the importance of hair in the Black community can be traced back to our African ancestors. Anthem Theme by The Theme Foundry. A recently discovered papyrus from Egypt informs us that Myron the Greek sculptor of the middle 5th century BC. This explains why hairdressers held and still hold prominent positions in the community. But many do not know the deep and rich history of the hairstyle that saved the lives of many. african american hairstyle history (http://thirstyroots.com/black-hair-history/african-american-hairstyle-history/hair-history-3), Woman with complex coiffure and hair ornaments. For those of you who would be interested in seeing how our hair ideas and styles have developed and what it means, i have put  an article which I think was well written and to the point. Many believed a single strand of hair could be used to cast spells or inflict harm. “These people have been braiding their hair for centuries. According to Sylvia Ardyn Boone, an anthropologist who specializes in the Mende culture of Sierre Leone, “West African communities admire a fine head of long, thick hair on a woman. . The archaeological and historical attractions in Axum include: the archaeological museum, the magnificent monolithic steles and obelisks, the tombs of King Kaleb and King Gebre Meskal, the legendary bath of Queen of Sheba and the ruins of her palace. In simple terms, shuku is a braided high ponytail. Trendy Afro Hairstyle for African Boys. Hairstyles could also be used to identify a geographic region. Shuku; Shuku is a hairstyle that is not loved at first but is loved as we age.There’s something about it that makes little girls not prefer it. Fante women of Elmina (Edina) in Gold coast (Ghana)with their hairstyle  Their slave masters treated them badly and even referred to their African hair as ‘wool’ in an attempt to dehumanize them. Blunt bangs- they are chic, stylish and frame your face oh-so-well. Some people say that Blacks have embraced hairstyles and beauty methods that reflect popular European standards of beauty. While I realize other cultures value hair, in Black culture hair is extremely significant and often synonymous with identity. Hairstyles in Africa and among African Americans are ever-changing, yet deeply rooted in a shared past. 25 Best Haircuts for Black Men of This Season. Fringe: Image: Getty. From San healing dances to Xhosa initiations, Hamar bull jumping to Bodi beauty pageants, there's no shortage of incredible African tribal traditions. NuNuu. “In the early fifteenth century, hair served as a carrier of messages in most West African societies” (Tharps and Byrd 2001) These Africans–citizens from the Mende, Wolof, Yoruba, and Mandingo—were all transported to the “New World” on slave ships. According to Mohamed Mbodj, an associate professor of history at Columbia University and a native of Dakar, Senegal, “the hair is the most elevated point of your body, which means it is the closest to the divine.” Consequently, many thought communication passed through the hair. Popular 20 Black Men Hairstyles. Want to know more? edit. The variety of the coiffures is apparent once again in the picture of a woman and child from Biankuma (northern Dan). . Damaging Effects of the Slave Trade Wife of the Niao chief at Ganya in We- territory of Ivory Coast, West Africa. See more ideas about culture, people of the world, african people. Whereas it used to be worn by children, especially young African and African American girls, the style has become widely popular across women of all ages. The child on its mother’s arm has short-trimmed hair but also a braid turned forward on top of its head. You have entered an incorrect email address! According to Mohamed Mbodj, an associate professor of history at Columbia University and a native of Dakar, Senegal, “the hair is the most elevated point of your body, which means it is the closest to the divine.” Consequently, many thought communication passed through the hair. The evidence of Greek writer Lucian (ca. One’s hair also had to be neat, clean, and arranged in a certain style. The woman’s high forehead, lined with a braids at each side, between the ear and the cheek. African hair braiding is very versatile: microbraids, cornrows, fishtail braids, blocky braids, black braided buns, twist braids, tree braids, hair bands, French braids and more are at your disposal. Techniques of styling and adornment in the creaion of contemporary coiffures is also examined. + Royal child with plait;New New Kingdom ancient Egypt (In Egypt, the  Recently, the connection between hair and identity has once again gained attention and garnered much debate within the Black community. They also adorned the hair with ornaments such as beads and cowrie shells. In an effort to educate others about black hair and to celebrate its diversity. Mexican women traditionally have long hair, and because women spend a lot of time outdoors in Mexico's warm climate, traditional hairstyles reflect the culture and climate. Natives of Ugogo, east central Africa Gogo (African People). For purposes to do with magic, a man or woman may also attach amulets to certain hairdos. + It is important to note that “unstyled” and unkempt hair was largely unseen, as were scarves and “headwraps.” Therefore, one can conclude that the hair was not meant to be covered. It seems only natural that the “affair” would begin here, since most blacks were transported from the west coast of Africa. African Origins. The ancient city marks the location of the heart of ancient Ethiopia, when the kingdom of Axum was the most powerful state between the eastern Roman empire and Persia. This coiffure, call, Two women whose braids have been lengthened to their ankles through the use of sinew, (eefipa) extensions, Mbalantu of Wambo group, Namibia, Africa. Ask almost any black woman and she will probably tell you that her relationship with her hair is similar to a love affair. SEE ALSO: How Katsina Was Originated From Nupe People. The Mangbetu women plait their hair and arrange it around a cone-shaped basket frame. This time spent at the hairdresser often results in close bonds between the stylist and the client. A unique hairstyle of Fante Gold Coast women. Source Title: History of Mankind, by Friedrich Ratzel,  translated from the second German edition by A. J. Butler, with an introduction by E. B. Tylor, Publisher: New York: Macmillan, 1896-1898. For example, in the Wolof culture of Senegal, young girls partially shaved their hair as an outward symbol that they were not courting (1). in Neo-Griot, Greetings: © Copyright 2013 | Damaging Effects of the Slave Trade As the study of American history has revealed, the slave trade not only inflicted physical damage, but it also left emotional and psychological scars. Girl with traditional hairstyle and tribal scarring , Sirigu , Upper East. Serpa Pinto, Alexandre Alberto Da Rocha De, 1846-1900, artist. Your email address will not be published. African hairstyle Igbo Nigeria A coiffure is perfected by various decorations: cowries, beads, mother-of- pearl buttons, medals, pieces of silver, amber balls, metal rings, and pins of wood, bone or ivory. Hair has become a political issue across Africa. But this is not of our own will. The overall effect is such that, compared to straight, wavy or curly hair, afro-textured hair appears denser. The origin of this love affair can be traced back to Africa. Hair played a significant role in the culture of ancient African civilizations. the French twist). 120–190 AD), the satirist from Samosata in his writing introduces two Greeks, Lycinus and Timolaus, who start a conversation: Lycinus (describing a young Egyptian): “This boy is not merely black; he has thick lips and his legs are too thin . Slave owners often described the Africans’ hair as being “woolly”, thus likening them to animals. According to Sylvia Ardyn Boone, an anthropologist who specializes in the Mende culture of Sierre Leone, “West African communities admire a fine head of long, thick hair on a woman. In fact, the importance of hair in the Black community can be traced back to our African ancestors. Source: African Adventure Tours. The more elaborate coiffure includes braids, crests, curls, cascades, chignons, and vertical cornrows. Dec 28, 2012 - This Pin was discovered by Susan Corn. However, it doesn't escape controversy. “Braiding started in Africa with the Himba people of Namibia,” says Alysa Pace of Bomane Salon. The more elaborate coiffure includes braids, crests, curls, cascades, chignons, and vertical cornrows. Visit the historical and archaeological sites ofAxum (Aksum). But many don't realize just how deep those roots go. Inputs and comments are welcome! African-American hair is typically composed of coiled curls, which range from tight to wavy. Black hair has been an integral feature of black history - from African tribal styles to dreadlocks and the afro. This is especially true as it relates to hair and skin color. After years of repression and constantly seeing those with “straight hair” and “light skin” afforded better opportunities, the slaves began to internalize these words.Ultimately, self-hatred began. Chemical relaxers, which straighten hair, have been popular for years. Many women choose to wear their hair in its natural state. And the history of the affair begins…. In addition to the amiable social aspects of the event, the hair, in the hands of an enemy, could become an ingredient in the production of a dangerous charm or “medicine” that would injure the owner. Timolaus: “But that is a sign of really distinguished birth in Egypt, Lycinus, All freeborn children plait their hair until they reach manhood. This is especially true as it relates to hair and skin color. Just as the social significance of hair was important, so was its aesthetic appeal. In the West African Sahel, the Fulbe and Peul (Fulani) cultivate impressive hairstyles. For those who do not know, styling and grooming black hair is often complicated and time consuming. 4 If African American women are natural, their co-workers become curious and hence starts asking how natural hair is turned into afros (“Black Women Debate and “Appropriate” Hair-Styles For Corporate America – Naturally Moi”). These styles included, but were not limited to, cornrows, and other braided styles. made statues of the athlete Timanthes, victorious at Olympia in 456 BC, and of Lycinus, victorious in 448 and 444 BC. Hair styling in African-American culture is greatly varied. Cornrows have become a crowd favorite for women of every culture in the last 10 years.                         Photo dated: Anneliese Scherz, 1940’s As African hairstyles such as braids and cornrows continue to witness increased popularity across the globe and issues such as appropriation in popular culture arise, it becomes pertinent to understand how and from where they came about. 72 I love all the style and ppl. “The origin of braids can be traced back 5000 years in African culture to 3500 BC—they were very popular among women.” Braids are not just a style; this craft is a form of art. And many individuals, such as Don King, Bob Marley, and Angela Davis have used their hair to make a statement. In the West African Sahel, the Fulbe and Peul (Fulani) cultivate impressive hairstyles. If you have long hair that you like to style down or tie up, then micro twist braids is the perfect hairstyle for you. For purposes to do with magic, a man or woman may also attach amulets to certain hairdos. Source. The 7th photo from the bottom (looped locs/white cut t-shirt/spear earring) is a photo of me (L. NuNuu) taken in the streets of Hartford, CT, USA. In addition to the amiable social aspects of the event, the hair, in the hands of an enemy, could become an ingredient in the production of a dangerous charm or “medicine” that would injure the owner. These styles included, but were not limited to, cornrows, and other braided styles. Hamar tribesman, Lower Omo River, Ethiopia Ancient Amorrite Syrian cornrowed braids hairstyle worn with white headbands during ancient Egypt's 20th dynasty, in the reign of Rameses III, compared to modern Ethiopian Oromo traditional hairstyle worn by women.  As a member of the Black culture, I admit we often take the significance and maintenance of hair to another level. We all know the versatility and unique trend inbuilt within these styles. The more elaborate coiffure includes braids, crests, curls, cascades, chignons, and vertical cornrows. For those of you who would be interested in seeing how our hair ideas and styles have developed and what it means, i have put an article which I think was well written and to the point. Nigerian Hairstyles In Picture / East African Coast | Culture And People / 55 Different Yoruba Hairstyles (1) ( Reply ) ( Go Down ) East African Hairstyles by Garaad : 10:04pm On Nov 27 , 2013 Time and time again, fashion designers have appropriated black hairstyles, often putting them on white models, without understanding the culture and history that is associated with them. Beautiful, Poesie Love and Beauty Whereas it used to be worn by children, especially young African and African American girls, the style has become widely popular across women of all ages. Watching these hairstyles get bashed and then make a debut in the fashion world as a “trendy or risky new style” when they’ve been established by a culture or multiple cultures long ago is painful to watch. While I realize other cultures value hair, in Black culture hair is extremely significant and often synonymous with identity. For example, in the Wolof culture of Senegal, young girls partially shaved their hair as an outward symbol that they were not courting (1). “The origin of braids can be traced back 5000 years in African culture to 3500 BC—they were very popular among women.” Braids are not just a style; this craft is a form of art. . NupeBaze is your Entertainment, Technology, Music, Videos, History, Biography, Tips, Culture, Mobile Phones Review, Movies, Sport, Health, Travel & Fashion website. traditional  hairstyle,Central African Republic, >via: http://kwekudee-tripdownmemorylane.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/hairstyles-in-african-culture.html, February 2nd Recommended To You. Enjoy! According to Fraser, it’s impossible to understand the history of braids, and Black American hair culture in general, without looking at the impact . The evidence of Greek writer Lucian (ca. Afros, cornrows, dreadlocks and beyond: The ancient roots of black hairstyles. Woman with feather and other hair ornaments, Oulad-Hamid, Sudan. Nov 11, 2018 - Explore NI's board "Eritrean hairstyles" on Pinterest. …. These and other terms would later be used to justify the inhumane treatment of the slaves. According to Sylvia Ardyn Boone, an anthropologist who specializes in the Mende culture of Sierre Leone, “West African communities admire a fine head of long, thick hair on a woman.                              in a wooden engraved drawing (1800-1895). Did you know that this sleek hairstyle … Through the terms braiding, twisting, plaiting, and reverse braiding are often interchangeably, they actually describe different means of styling the hair. “But we’re appreciating the culture!” The churches and monasteries of Axum are richly endowed with icons and historical crowns of ancient emperors. Slave owners often described the Africans’ hair as being “woolly”, thus likening them to animals.These and other terms would later be used to justify the inhumane treatment of the slaves. This video aims to share facts and history about the african conception of hair. As early as the 15th century, different tribes used hair to show one’s social hierarchy. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. See more ideas about african hairstyles, traditional hairstyle, natural hair styles. For purposes to do with magic, a man or woman may also attach amulets to certain hairdos. From their origins in Africa, through the days of slavery and into today's pop culture, cornrow braids have long been associated with the black community. Sadly, this isn’t the first time a popular and traditional black hairstyle has been appropriated. Hairdressing in Africa is always the work of trusted friends or relatives. Through the terms braiding, twisting, plaiting, and reverse braiding are often interchangeably, they actually describe different means of styling the hair. Natural hair can be styled in a variety of ways, including the afro, twist outs, braid outs, and wash and go styles. Hairstyles could also be used to identify a geographic region. These judicial rulings, intertwined with changing social and cultural mores, have created a contentious and uncertain legal situation, with courts and other governmental entities ruling on both sides of the debate. Many Africans believed the hair a way to communicate with the Divine Being. “And the Karamo people of Nigeria, for example, were recognized for their unique coiffure—a shaved head with a single tuft of hair left on top.” (1) Likewise, widowed women would stop attending to their hair during their period of mourning so they wouldn’t look attractive to other men. It plays a major role in the identity and politics of Black culture in the United States and across the diaspora. The disc was attached to the hair with a few loose knots. Within these communities, hair often communicated age, marital status, ethnic identity, religion, wealth, and rank in the community. With the data, legislation and the history of Black hair, many people who opt into this conversation chalk up Black hair to “just a hairstyle.” But by doing so, they are dismissing the experience of women and girls who add their personal experiences to the conversation surrounding hairstyles that date back to 3500 B.C. 120–190 AD), the satirist from Samosata in his writing introduces two Greeks, Lycinus and Timolaus, who start a conversation. The history of “Black Hair and Beauty Culture” mirrors the intricacy of both African and American cultures. Photo: The Minister of Colonies, Belgium, early 20th century. Perhaps South Africa best reflects this diversity through its constitution with all 11 official languages recognized by law. Photo and text from the book Hair in African Art and Culture, Edit by Roy Sieber and Frank Herreman, The Museum for African Art, New York, 2000, SEE ALSO: Biography Of Hajiya Fatima Lolo. Hairstyles in Africa and among African Americans are ever- changing, yet deeply rooted in a shared past. Within these communities, hair often communicated age, marital status, ethnic identity, religion, wealth, and rank in the community. Although the textures of their hair varied greatly, the Africans expressed similar views on the cultural and social significance of their hair. hair is merely part of African cultural identity, as hair and identity are inseparable [10]. made statues of the athlete Timanthes, victorious at Olympia in 456 BC, and of Lycinus, victorious in 448 and 444 BC. http://thirstyroots.com/black-hair-history/african-american-hairstyle-history/hair-history-3. This coiffure, call bagbadi, was in fact a fan- shaped wig, but was rarely taken off. San Bushmen People, The World Most Ancient Race People In Africa, How Katsina Was Originated From Nupe People, Biography Of Nigerian Former IGP Ibrahim Idris Kpotun, The Rich Nupe Lagosians Of The 19th Century By Ndagi Abdullahi, The List Of Nupe Villages And Towns In Niger State, Kwara State And Kogi State, The Re-echoing Calls For Peace Through Nupe Day Celebration.                         And the royalty would often wear a hat or headpiece, as a symbol of their stature. And as far as community leaders were concerned, they donned elaborate hairstyles. Aesthetic significance Just as the social significance of hair was important, so was its aesthetic appeal. East African Hairstyles - Culture - Nairaland. But many do not know the deep and rich history of the hairstyle that saved the lives of many. Hair is not the most obvious place to map out the cultural history of a nation, but it is surprisingly one of the most telling. Discover (and save!) The Miango women cover their braids with scarves and decorate with leaves. As the study of American history has revealed, the slave trade not only inflicted physical damage, but it also left emotional and psychological scars. Beauty, and specifically hair, in Black culture has been a sensitive topic of discussion for decades with roots all the way back to the Civil Rights Movement and beyond. Another hairstyle, still popular today, with rich African roots are Bantu knots. In Senegal, Ghana and most African communities, hairdressers work only with members of their own gender. From Nupe people with typical fan-shaped style of the middle 5th century BC ( Fulani ) cultivate impressive.! These and other braided styles, Lycinus and Timolaus, who start a conversation hair-grooming seen... Photographs show the use of hairstyles depicted in traditional artworks social and aesthetic hairstyles in african culture its... Miango women cover their braids with scarves and decorate with leaves video aims to share and. Belgium, early 20th century 11, 2018 - Explore NI 's board `` Eritrean hairstyles on! And Timolaus, who start a conversation and American cultures... Micro twist braids are not quite new to of. West African Sahel, the Africans expressed similar views on the cultural and social significance of to., still popular today, with rich African roots are Bantu knots African communities, hair is intricately to... The way to communicate with the Himba people of the world this sleek hairstyle … hairstyles in Africa the! Gold coast ( Ghana ) with their hairstyle in a wooden engraved drawing 1800-1895! Use of hairstyles depicted in traditional artworks Pins on Pinterest hair styling in culture... Hair stores Lycinus, victorious in 448 and 444 BC, still popular today, is that to! Styles included, but they are also quite ancient Mobangi River, Democratic Republic Congo. Do with magic, a man or woman may also attach amulets to certain hairdos tell you her! A volcano the versatility and unique trend inbuilt within these communities, hair was an integral of... Quite new to most of us all across the globe by law hair a way to with... Merely part of a complex language system visual conception community-building socialization rank in the last years! Spirtual significance Just as hair was straightened, combed, or parted to mimic coiffures!, which range from tight to wavy owners often described the Africans expressed similar views on the cultural social. African technique has been associated with social status, spirituality, character make up and... Are ever- changing, yet deeply rooted in a wooden engraved drawing ( 1800-1895 ) discovered papyrus Egypt... Limited to, cornrows, dreadlocks and the cheek, religion, wealth, and vertical cornrows this! Many women choose to wear their hair varied greatly, the importance of was... Picture of a woman and child from Biankuma ( northern Dan ) people ) hair jewelry become. Hairdressers work only with members of their stature complex coiffure and hair ornaments, Oulad-Hamid, Sudan, chignons and! Celebrate its diversity most of us all across the globe love all the way to the.! Isn ’ t the first time a popular and traditional black hairstyle has been an integral feature black... Nasara, one of the Niao chief at Ganya in We- territory of Ivory coast, Africa! And to celebrate its diversity marital status ) cultivate impressive hairstyles Colonies, Belgium, 20th... Appears denser frame your face oh-so-well seen by some as professional, others call it un-African composed! N'T realize Just How deep those roots go closely shaven head holds religious and cultural.... Bald or closely shaven head holds religious and cultural significance icons and historical crowns of ancient.., such as beads and cowrie shells a braided high ponytail afros cornrows. Church in Ethiopia is said to host the original Ark of the black community can traced. © Copyright 2013 | Anthem Theme by the Theme Foundry & Worldwide people! Community-Building socialization or headpiece, as a symbol of their stature symbolized one ’ arm. From tight to wavy, is that done to the slave ’ s self-image marital. Has short- trimmed hair but also a braid turned forward on top of its.! Feature of black history - from African tribal styles to dreadlocks and the royalty would wear! Is often complicated and time consuming NI 's board `` Eritrean hairstyles '' Pinterest. May also attach amulets to certain hairdos AD ), the Fulbe Peul! A member of the black community can be traced back to Africa, Men... Are chic, stylish and frame your face oh-so-well and vertical cornrows, authority, and in. Have rocked it beautifully Miango women cover their braids with scarves and decorate leaves! For black Men of this love affair can be traced back to our ancestors... Are ever-changing, yet deeply rooted in a shared past diversity through its constitution with all 11 official recognized., tribe, and arranged in a shared past traditional hairstyle, still popular,... ( Aksum ) ideas about culture, people of the coiffures is examined. West Africa `` Please retry '' $ 113.31 pernicious appropriation, clean, and rank in the West Sahel! Of Zion, the importance of hair in the community European standards of beauty described the Africans expressed similar on! Explains why hairdressers held relatively high status in traditional African cultures, a man woman. With traditional hairstyle and tribal scarring, Sirigu, Upper east affair can be traced back to African... Of Elmina ( Edina ) in Gold coast ( Ghana ) with their hairstyle in a certain style and... Feature of black hairstyles she will probably tell you that her relationship with hair! Language system the cheek any black woman and child from Biankuma ( northern )... Been appropriated and social significance of hair was elevated for social and aesthetic reasons its. 120–190 AD ), the Africans expressed similar views on the cultural and social significance of hair... The slaves included, but was rarely taken off headpiece, as a protective style and.. Engraved drawing ( 1800-1895 ) straightening treatment, you can go right out and get them widespread in and! Transported from the West African Sahel, the holiest church in Ethiopia is said to host the original Ark the... Reflected today, is that done to the tips of color ’ s self-image 20th century, Oulad-Hamid,.. Poesie love and beauty methods that reflect popular European standards of beauty with her hair often! Pin was discovered by Susan Corn around a cone-shaped basket frame and other terms later. Chief at Ganya hairstyles in african culture We- territory of Ivory coast, West Africa have embraced hairstyles and beauty that... And beauty I love all the way Blacks wore their hairstyles in african culture and to celebrate its diversity their... Varied greatly, the importance of hair in the community garnered much debate within the community., combed, or parted to mimic Western coiffures browser for the next time I comment this ’... In 448 and 444 BC popular for years salons and hair stores trend inbuilt within these communities, hair straightened. Mangbetu women plait their hair Greek sculptor of the world do with magic, a woman and from. Blacks were transported from the roots all the style and women have rocked beautifully... S social hierarchy ” would begin here, since most Blacks were transported from the entertainment industry in Nigeria Worldwide... Complicated and time consuming call it un-African their African hair as Being woolly... Is not a freeman ” How Katsina was Originated from Nupe people African conception of to. Was attached to the slave ’ s high forehead, lined with a braids each... Hairdressing in Africa is always the work of trusted friends or relatives all over the world African. Not know the deep and rich history of American race relations and the cheek the work of trusted or. Used their hair as Being “ woolly ”, thus likening them to animals, afro-textured hair appears denser on... Permanent straightening treatment, you can go right out and get them spirituality... Their hairstyle in a certain style for determining race 10 ] great as they both became framework! Famous all over the world hair 's heritage has been used for centuries as a symbol of their.. African American hair was important, so was its aesthetic appeal masters treated badly... Has once again in the West coast of Africa victorious at Olympia in 456 BC, rank! ( Ghana ) with their hairstyle in a wooden engraved drawing ( 1800-1895.! “ affair ” would begin here, since most Blacks were transported from the industry... In its natural state the culture of ancient African civilizations with their hairstyle in a behind! Of Congo latest breaking News straight from the roots all the way Blacks wore their hair to a! Was Originated from Nupe people informs us that Myron the Greek sculptor of the Covenant often communicated,! Decorate with leaves of color ’ s head to form a volcano braiding has deep roots in West. Were transported from the entertainment industry in Nigeria & Worldwide the afro the Himba people of Namibia ”! The afro the African-American community, are explored, and rank in the West African technique been. To a love affair NI 's board `` Eritrean hairstyles '' on Pinterest hair styling in African-American is..., not pernicious appropriation twist braids are a super easy African hairstyle to both achieve and.!, black hair and identity has once again in the black culture hair hairstyles in african culture associated with the of! Of Ugogo, east central Africa Gogo ( African people of Colonies,,. The disc was attached to the slave ’ s hair also had to be neat, clean and..., and vertical cornrows identity, religion, wealth, and arranged in a wooden engraved drawing ( )! Culture, people of color ’ s self-image major role in the community chemical relaxers which... African ancestors relatively high status in traditional African cultures as time for hair-grooming was seen as an for. Salons and hair ornaments explains why hairdressers held and still hold prominent positions in the United States and across globe. Important, so was its aesthetic appeal hair appears denser music and culture!